图1 “Iris”甲烷监测卫星(重量16kg,体积20cm x 30cm x 40cm,来源:GHGSat)
“Iris”是GHGSat公司发射的第二颗温室气体监测卫星,早在2016年6月,第一颗温室气体监测卫星“Claire”就已成功发射。“Claire”是通过气体吸收特定波长的光,为每种气体创造出“光谱指纹”,利用阳光找到这些“指纹”,并测量这些其亮度,以确定在卫星的视野中有多少该气体存在[2]。“Claire”实现了针对目标设施的二氧化碳和甲烷排放量的监测,并每隔两周对有关设施再进行检查。而此次发射的“Iris”卫星主要针对甲烷泄露,在“Claire”的基础上提高了分辨率,达到了“Claire”十倍以上的性能,使得“Iris”可以发现更小的甲烷泄露,并更准确地追踪其来源。
图2 全球人为甲烷排放(1990-2030)(来源:GMI)
图3 Kayrros检测到的异常甲烷浓度样本,2019年。圆圈的大小和颜色表示探测到的羽流的大小和强度。颜色越红,甲烷的浓度就越高。(来源:Kayrros)
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[2] GHGSat. 2020. GHGSAT-D – Claire.https://www.ghgsat.com/our-platforms/claire/
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[12] Tropomi. 2019. Methane Emissionshttp://www.tropomi.eu/data-products/methane
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[15]卫星揭示新的天然气行业重大甲烷泄漏. https://www.sohu.com/a/404163699_120573662
[16] MethaneSAT. https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/methanesat.htm
[17] New Zealand finally has a space programme. 2019.https://www.stuff.co.nz/science/117422950/nz-finally-has-a-space-programme
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[19]澎湃新闻. 2020. 推进甲烷减排将为我国长期低碳排放战略提供巨大贡献. https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_5517181
文章摘自【Captureready】